Animal Chiropractic Module 1 Practice Exam

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• In dachshunds, thoracolumbar disc problems are most likely due to stenosis around which vertebral level and at what age?
• When the left sacral base moves posteriorly, which motion unit is primarily affected?
• If the initial change of movement is not created, what follow-up pathologies may develop?
• Equine disc surfaces are: cranial side is ______; caudal side is ______.
• Which structure is not typically considered part of the IVF's contents?
• Which option correctly identifies the greatest lumbar vertebrae count among the listed species?
• How can you differentiate mechanical neck pain from referred pain in an animal?
• Which statement correctly pairs parasympathetic and sympathetic nerve regions?
• When spinal inflammation is suspected, what is the recommended course of action?
• How does vertebral instability influence the choice of treatment technique?
• Which anatomical feature can cause APA (asymmetrical pelvic attachment)?
• Under what supervision do animal chiropractors typically practice?
• Hemivertebra and butterfly vertebral deformities can be adjusted.
• Ligaments fail when which structures fail?
• In equine chiropractic practice, which species is most commonly treated?
• Which sign is associated with atlas occipitalization in horses?
• Which species are most commonly treated by animal chiropractors in small animal practice?
• Informed consent and owner education are important in animal chiropractic because...
• The sacroiliac joint is a _________ joint
• What is the normal lumbar vertebrae count for equine?
• The dorsal side of the sacroiliac joint is which type of tissue?
• Identify three essential components of an initial animal chiropractic exam.
• How might sedation influence the assessment and planning of chiropractic care?
• Which barrier is defined as the range where motion is assessed and VSC is diagnosed, i.e., the barrier to tissue disruption?
• What is the purpose of thorough documentation in animal chiropractic practice?
• Muscle relaxers should be used pre- or post- adjustment?
• Muscle strength and health are determined by which factors?
• In most mammals, what is the normal cervical vertebrae count?
• What is the lumbar vertebrae count for bovine?
• The ventral side of the sacroiliac joint is which type of tissue?
• With equine pelvic fractures, you will often ___ the instability rather than feel it.
• Autonomic neuropathies are divided into parasympathetic nerves. Which two regions provide these nerves?
• What does 'tolerance' mean during a mobility assessment?
• Which of the following is a component of the chiropractic physical exam?
• In horses, the spinal cord extends from the foramen magnum to which vertebral level, and how many spinal nerve pairs are present?
• Which part of the intervertebral disk is the central soft portion that is the main shock absorber and lacks nerves and blood supply?
• Why are the atlas (C1) and axis (C2) critical in cervical biomechanics and why must they be carefully assessed?
• Which of the following is a step in the chiropractic physical exam?
• What are the two bony boundaries of the IVF?
• Which canine breed is most commonly affected by disc problems in the thoracolumbar region?
• Sacro-pelvic pathology can be referred to as transitional vertebral segments. Which term is used here to describe this?
• What distinguishes atlas adjustment from suboccipital muscle palpation?
• What motion unit(s) is/are primarily affected when the right ilium moves posterior and inferior (dorsal and caudal)?
• Which ligament connects the spinous processes along their lengths and limits flexion along the spinal column?
• Which of the following is NOT a component of the IVF's contents?
• How many sacral segments does bovine have?
• 'Knock down hips' and a lameness lasting about 24-48 hours is associated with which condition?
• Which horse breed is most commonly associated with occipitalization of the atlas?
• The SI joint moves in a pattern described as 'Figure 8'. Which option best describes this movement?
• What is a key anatomic consideration when adjusting the cervical spine in horses?
• Which type of trauma is more common?
• How do rehabilitative exercises fit into an animal chiropractic plan?
• Approximately 95% of CNS input is derived from what type of information?
• A functional unit made up of two adjacent articulating surfaces, the binding tissue, and all tissues between them is called a...
• What are the four components of the vertebral subluxation complex (VSC) that occur virtually at the same time once a change in movement is created?
• Which intervertebral disk component moves like a ball bearing to absorb shock?
• Which imaging modalities are commonly considered when musculoskeletal concerns arise in animal chiropractic care?
• DLSS can cause cauda equina syndrome. Which option is correct?
• The SI joint movement is in a _____ pattern through the movement with gliding motion about an axis
• How should animal chiropractic services integrate with traditional veterinary medicine?
• What is the combined total number of articulating surfaces in the sacral base and lumbosacral area?
• Which statement best describes the use of imaging and neurologic findings in differentiation?
• How can you differentiate a minor adjustment from a potentially dangerous one?
• What do the initials DC and DVM stand for?
• What is the total number of articulating surfaces of the sacral base?
• What are the components of a static palpation exam in animals?
• Name two signs of possible spinal nerve root irritation in a canine patient.
• FOF refers to the frequency of firing of which pool?
• Which statement is true about sacral segments for equine and bovine?
• What determines the frequency of firing (FOF) in muscle control?
• Why are muscle relaxers used after adjustment, according to the material?
• What are the three main signalment pieces to consider when adjusting animals?
• How many thoracic vertebrae does feline have?
• Which of the following is NOT a component of the IVF's contents?
• Which of the following is a step in the chiropractic physical exam?
• Which statement best captures the relationship between form and function as described?
• Which option best reflects ethical practice for client consent and confidentiality?
• What is the lumbar vertebrae count for canine?
• Sensory neuropathies such as which conditions are lesions created by self trauma due to pain or pruritus from an underlying condition?
• According to Dr. Heidi, animals should not be adjusted more than how many days apart?
• What elements should be included in a treatment plan for an animal patient?
• What is the expected outcome of addressing musculoskeletal contributors to pain in a multidisciplinary plan?
• The tuber coxae is a landmark on which bone region?
• Why is proprioceptive feedback important to chiropractic outcomes?
• What percentage of all fractures include the pelvis?
• Which step focuses on overall alignment and posture?
• Ossification of the pelvis: secondary centers for the equine occur at approximately what age?
• Two common indications for chiropractic care in animals include mechanical back pain with stiffness and what other issue?
• What are key ethical practice considerations for animal chiropractors?
• What is a typical observable improvement after successful chiropractic care in a dog?
• Which scenario should prompt consideration of adjusting the care plan or making a referral?
• List three general contraindications to spinal adjustment in animals.
• Ossification of the pelvis: secondary centers for the bovine occur at approximately what age?
• Which system component contributes predominantly to joint stability around a typical joint?
• Degenerative Myelopathy is characterized by slow, progressive, non-painful degeneration of axons and myelin in the spinal cord. Which gene mutation is associated with this condition?
• In sacro-pelvic pathology, what term describes the condition where the last thoracic vertebra or the cranial sacral segment takes on characteristics of the lumbar vertebra?
• Joint injuries are due to a failure of which structures to support the joint?
• The 65-degree angle is described as from tuber sacrale to tuber coxae. Which other pair of landmarks corresponds to the same angle?
• DLSS stands for what?
• Which ligament lies along the dorsal surface of the vertebral bodies from the axis to the coccyx and is rich in pain fibers, associated with pain from herniated disks?
• Name a safety consideration specific to chiropractic work with horses.
• Which intervertebral disk component forms the outer layer with 25 to 30 concentric laminae and provides stability for the motion unit?
• The anatomy of biomechanics is built with what concept that links structure and movement?
• Which imaging modality is commonly used to guide assessment, with additional imaging available if needed?
• Which objective measurements are used to monitor progress in an animal chiropractic case?
• The term used to describe horses with ataxic gait and difficulty standing still, often related to head carriage in fast-growing large warmbloods, is:
• Which statement best describes thoracic vertebrae across the four species?
• Which ligament limits flexion of the vertebral column and is rich in pain fibers?
• Which manual approach is most commonly associated with restoring mobility to a restricted joint?
• Where are pain fibers located within the annulus fibrosus?
• For a patient with a known vertebral fracture, what is a key contraindication to adjust the thoracolumbar junction?
• During two-handed adjustments, the line of correction comes from the ____ through the pisiforms.
• Which statement best describes the inclusion of safety/handling assessment in the initial exam?
• Area affected by sciatic neuralgia?
• The equine sacral iliac joint angle is 65 degrees. Which option lists the correct angular measurement?
• What is the purpose of IT joints?
• As the size of the animals decreases, the angle of the facets in the SI joint tends to increase or decrease?
• In the Logan Basic technique, palpation is performed on which structure for about 30-60 seconds?
• Which step involves examining tissues by touch without movement?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the five steps of a chiropractic physical exam?
• How should progress be monitored in an animal chiropractic case?
• Which term describes bilateral elevated tuber sacrale?
• What best describes the scope of practice for animal chiropractors?
• What is the purpose of history taking in the initial exam for an animal chiropractic patient?
• Cervical intervertebral disc prolapse/protrusion is most common in large breed dogs due to what head posture?
• Approximately 95% of CNS input is derived from which type of information?
• In clock terms, the anal glands are located at which positions?
• List red flags that require discontinuing chiropractic care and seeking veterinary involvement.
• How many sacral segments do felines have?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a common medication type for musculoskeletal issues?
• What should an informed consent form for animal chiropractic treatment include?
• Which term describes horses with ataxic gait and difficulty standing still, often related to head carriage in large warmbloods?
• What is the role of animal chiropractic within a multidisciplinary veterinary team?
• What is the recommended approach when planning chiropractic care for an acute spinal issue?
• Which ligament runs along the ventral surface of vertebral bodies from the axis to the sacrum and is a known site for spondylosis?
• According to BJ, the only difference between veterinary treatment for horses and medical treatment for humans is...
• Which of the following is a step in the chiropractic physical exam?
• Which imaging modality is used for diagnosing and tracking healing in sacro-pelvic pathology?
• Which of the following is NOT a component of the contents of the IVF?
• What is the primary ligament for stabilizing and supporting the spinal column?
• Which part of the intervertebral disk is the soft, fibrocartilaginous center containing about 88% water and has no nerves or blood supply?
• Which statement best describes HVLA adjustments?
• Which species has the highest known thoracic vertebrae count among the listed species?
• What motion unit(s) is/are primarily affected when the sacral apex moves left or right?
• What is the primary goal of performing gentle palpation for joint play during an assessment?
• When the base of the sacrum moves posteriorly, which motion unit is primarily affected?
• Which species has 18 thoracic vertebrae?
• Who founded Options for Animals?
• Which spinal regions are most commonly palpated during an exam?
• Which term describes unilateral elevated tuber sacrale?
• What condition involves abnormal development of the pelvic joint causing the head of the femur and the acetabulum not to be aligned properly, often with a 'bunny hop' gait?
• How many thoracic vertebrae does an equine have?
• Which statement best describes the most efficient method to address aberrant joint mechanics or instabilities?
• What is vertebral subluxation complex (VSC) in animal chiropractic?
• Which structure in the IVF contents pertains to cerebrospinal fluid?
• The nuchal ligament plays an important role in the functioning of the vertebral column: what are the two parts?
• Which statement correctly differentiates HVLA adjustments from mobilization techniques?
• The L6 dorsal spinous process is longer or shorter than L5?
• Soreness after an adjustment should last a maximum of how many hours?
• How many thoracic vertebrae does bovine have?
• What is the recommended method to assess spinal joint mobility with minimal stress on the patient?
• What is a risk of utilizing chemical restraints during adjusting?
• Asymmetry in sacro-pelvic pathology can cause what biomechanical changes?
• In dogs, the spinal cord extends from the foramen magnum to which vertebral level, and how many spinal nerve pairs are present?
• Docked tails can cause disruption of the ______ and cause animals to exhibit ataxic gait in the hind end.
• True/False: The pubic symphysis does not fuse with maturity.
• Which description best matches diarthrodial joints like the sacroiliac joint?
• What information should be documented in the initial treatment note?
• Which item is NOT typically documented in the initial treatment note?
• Which ligament connects the transverse processes and is most prominent in the lumbar spine and limits lateral flexion?
• What is the purpose of a comprehensive neuromuscular/orthopedic screen with safety/handling assessment during the initial exam?
• The _______ raises the secondary curve of the spine in equine species to increase length and reach the ground.
• What is the number one source of sensory nerve firings?
• Why is owner compliance critical for outcomes in animal chiropractic care?
• Which statement about owner education is most accurate in post-treatment care?
• What steps should be taken if an adverse reaction occurs during a session?
• Kyphosis of the lumbar spine is commonly known as which term?
• How many sacral segments do canines have?
• What does gait analysis help identify in the chiropractic assessment of animals?
• Under what circumstances should a chiropractor refer to a veterinarian?
• Ossification of the pelvis: secondary centers for the canine occur at approximately what age?
• Identify urgent concerns that would necessitate veterinary referral before continuing chiropractic care.
• How do rehabilitative exercises affect proprioception?
• In clock terms, the sacrotuberous ligament is located at which positions?
• When might referral for veterinary evaluation be most indicated in a case with suspected instability?
• Which term is NOT used to describe tuber sacrale elevations?
• When should an intact female dog be adjusted following birth of a litter?
• What is the maximum number of thrusts recommended by Dr. Heidi?
• Degenerative Myelopathy is best described as which of the following?
• Which step is used to assess movement between spinal segments?
• What two components of a neuromuscular examination are most relevant to chiropractic assessment?
• Which syndrome results from inflammation of the collection of spinal nerve roots at the end of the spinal cord?
• When documenting an adverse event, which information should be included?
• During a small animal adjustment, the ______ directs the line of correction through the thumb.
• Which ligament extends from T1 to coccygeal region and limits flexion, being thinner from L6 to the sacrum in horses?
• Which statement about the five steps is true?
• What is the total number of articulating surfaces of the lumbosacral area?
• What is the lumbar vertebrae count for feline?
• What percentage of a joint's stability is provided by the muscles and tendons surrounding the joint?
• What is a core safety principle when performing adjustments on animals?
• In a small animal adjustment, which joint directs the line of correction through the thumb?
• Which two mammals have IT joints?
• Which type of spinal nerve fiber transmits sensory information such as pain, vibration, temperature, and proprioception?
• How many thoracic vertebrae does canine have?
• How does clear owner communication influence prognosis and adherence?
• What is the normal number of cervical vertebrae in most mammals?
• What is the purpose of proprioceptive exercises in post-treatment care?
• Which type of spinal nerve fiber primarily regulates skeletal muscle contraction for movement?
• What regulatory and professional considerations apply to animal chiropractors?
• Equines are which of the following drive configurations?
• Chiropractic treats within which range to avoid overload from abnormal input?
• What is the term for the range between the physiologic and anatomic barrier where passive ligamentous stretching occurs before tissue disruption?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between primary spinal pathology and compensatory changes?
• What are the two articulating surfaces involved with the IT joint?
• Butt scooting is most closely associated with which condition?
• How is hoof balance and farriery relevant to the chiropractic assessment?
• Which term best describes minor, repetitive injuries more commonly encountered?
• Which statement best defines the vertebral subluxation complex (VSC)?
• If individuals are using 1 inch mats in stalls, there should be at least how many inches of shavings?
• In cats, the spinal cord extends from the foramen magnum to the sacrum. Which option best reflects this description?
• Which description best defines cauda equina syndrome as described in the material?
• How many sacral segments does equine have?
• Degenerative Myelopathy is most commonly reported in which dog breed?
• If the animal becomes tense or distressed during a session, what is the recommended action?
• What describes the criteria for re-evaluation in a treatment plan?
• The secondary equine curve is formed via ______ how soon?
• Autonomic neuropathies are divided into sympathetic nerves. Which two regions provide these nerves?
• Which intervertebral disk component forms the outermost ring with concentric laminae and contributes to disk stability?
• Name two anatomical landmarks used to localize the atlas (C1) and the axis (C2) in the cervical region.
• What is the most efficient way to address aberrant joint mechanics or joint instabilities?
• Which are the three types of spinal nerve fibers?
• Puppy sitting is often seen during which stage in dogs?
• Which species are exceptions to the normal seven cervical vertebrae by having eight vertebrae?
• Which statement best describes a common indication for chiropractic care in animals?
• Canines are which of the following drive configurations?
• What is a key consequence of not properly assessing the C1-C2 region before cervical adjustments?
• Which structure provides sensory neuron cell bodies within the IVF contents?
• Which statement best describes the role of static palpation in evaluating the spine?
• If puppy sitting is observed in a dog under 1 year old, what does it usually indicate?